1. Full Metal Jacket (FMJ)

Overview: Full Metal Jacket bullets are characterized by a lead core encased in a jacket made of copper or a similar material. The jacket covers the entire bullet, leaving only the base exposed.

Purpose:

• Penetration: FMJ bullets are designed for deep penetration, making them ideal for target shooting and military applications.
• Reduced Barrel Fouling: The jacketed design minimizes lead residue buildup in the barrel.

When to Use:

• Target Practice: FMJ bullets are commonly used in target shooting due to their cost-effectiveness and reliable performance.
• Military Applications: FMJ bullets are often employed by military forces for their penetrating capabilities.

2. Hollow Point (HP)

Overview: Hollow Point bullets feature a hollowed-out tip, creating a cavity in the bullet's nose. This design promotes controlled expansion upon impact.

Purpose:

• Expansion: The hollow point allows the bullet to expand upon contact with a target, creating a larger wound channel.
• Energy Transfer: Increased surface area facilitates efficient energy transfer to the target.

When to Use:

• Self-Defense: Hollow points are popular for self-defense due to their ability to incapacitate a threat effectively.
• Hunting: Hunters often choose hollow points for their ability to deliver reliable stopping power and minimize over-penetration.

3. Soft Point (SP)

Overview: Soft Point bullets have a lead-tipped projectile with an exposed lead core. The jacket covers the base and part of the core, leaving the tip exposed.

Purpose:

• Controlled Expansion: Similar to hollow points, soft points offer controlled expansion upon impact.
• Effective for Hunting: SP bullets are favored in hunting scenarios for their balance of penetration and expansion.

When to Use:

• Big Game Hunting: Soft points are commonly used for hunting larger game where reliable expansion and deep penetration are essential.
• Medium to Long Range Shooting: SP bullets are effective at longer distances due to their aerodynamic design.

Choosing the right bullet type depends on your specific needs and the intended application. Full Metal Jacket for target practice, Hollow Point for self-defense, and Soft Point for hunting—all serve distinct purposes in the realm of firearms. By understanding the characteristics of each bullet type, you can make informed decisions that align with your shooting goals and preferences.